How Masculinity Is Constructed Within The Content Of Fhm

In this essay I will be exploring how masculinity is constructed within the content of FHM (For him magazine) magazine. Through the images and topics covered I will be analysing how this magazine is portraying how a man should be by the branding of masculinity in one of the UK’s best selling men’s magazine. I will be doing this by exploring the products advertised and analysing the content throughout. Also I will be touching on how FHM is shaping the minds of their readers and attitudes towards this topic and how stereotypical representations and attitudes reinforce what makes a man masculine in the eyes of a 21st century person. Over the decades the perception of men has changed considerable. Men were seen as the dominant breadwinners and providers in society making them ‘masculine’. Since then this has changed drastically. The idea’s we use to relate to masculinity is now being challenged in society and mostly within the media. The more traditional idea of masculinity first started being question back in the 1980’s. This was when women first started breaking out of the stereotype of just being stay at home housewives and submissive to men. This stereotype was the â€Å"norm† way of thinking back then. Stereotyping is basically making an assumption on a group of people based on their characteristics. â€Å"This type of thought process reflects the most traditional conceptualization of stereotypes within social psychology, in which stereotypes are considered to be ‘the picture inShow MoreRelatedSemiotic Analysis of Teenage Magazine Front Covers3431 Words   |  14 PagesSià ¢n Davies In this essay I will hope to analyse the semiotic codes of the front covers of teenage magazines to demonstrate how the media constructs the image and behavioural ideology of the teenage girl. I will analyse issue 359 of More! (December 27 th 2001 - January 8th 2002) and compare it with the January 2002 edition of 19. I have chosen these specific texts as they are popular mainstream magazines that are available in most newsagents, and therefore arguably represent to the reader what

Analysis Of Curley s Of Mice And Men - 949 Words

Decolline, Terry Ms. Sakowicz English â… ¡ 14 December 2014 Crooks in Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men took place during the Great Depression where the stock market crashed. Crooks lives by himself because he is the only black man on the ranch, feeling left out Crooks throws himself into reading books. Crooks longing to be a part of civilization, but because of the black and whites rules Crooks can’t be part the boy’s interaction. His American Dream is to be free and be able to join the man, that why he wanted to have his only farm. Crooks appears in the novel as a sacred and mean, also lonely man. To think Crooks was born in California, feeling like an outsider, even if that is he’s hometown. Crooks know that his skin color is all that keeps him separate in this time. Crooks is an outsider mostly because of his skin color, but he also makes people believe that he is an outsider, perhaps because misery makes him hate company. Crooks is a stable-hand, that where he get his name from crook bac k. He knows that he is extremely lonely. Like Curley’s wife, Crooks can’t live his life because of what he is .He plays a messed-up game with Lennie, suggesting to him that George left him and will never return. Only when Lennie threatens him with physical violence crooks stops. Crooks exhibit lonely that only Curley’s wife exhibit; his character is the only character you’ll feel sadShow MoreRelatedPlot Analysis : George Orwell s Of Mice And Men 1092 Words   |  5 PagesPlot Analysis by Chapter Chapter 1 Exposition: A description of the setting, which is south of Soledad, California. George Milton and Lennie Small, two men, are introduced. George, the leader, is small and quick. Lennie, huge and awkward, follows. Rising Action: The men stop. Lennie drinks large gulps from a pool of still water next to the river. George warns him not to drink a lot or he ll get sick again. George reminds Lennie about their plans, but stops when he notices a dead mouse in LennieRead MoreOf Mice and Men Essay on Loneliness1318 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 9 10 March 2014 Of Mice and Men Literary Analysis Essay on Loneliness â€Å"Actually, feeling lonely has little to do with how many friends you have. It s the way you feel inside. Some people who feel lonely may rarely interact with people and others who are surrounded by people but don t feel connected† (Karyn Hall 2013). Truthfully, loneliness is something almost all people fear. It s a deeper feeling then just being isolated. It s feeling distant or disconnected from others.Read MoreInterpretations Of The American Dream1718 Words   |  7 Pagesdream. American Dream and ‘Of Mice and Men’. The American Dream is presented as being unattainable in John Steinbeck s novel, Of Mice and Men. This is predominantly evident in the case of George, Lennie, Candy, Crooks and Curley s wife. All of these characters admit to fantasizing about the American Dream ; untarnished happiness and the freedom to pursue their aspirations. George and Lennie s dream of owning land is unattainable as a result of Lennie s careless actions caused by his ignoranceRead MoreAnalysis Of Of Mice And Men996 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Analysis on â€Å"Of Mice and Men† In 1992 Gary Sinise directed the tragic film â€Å"Of Mice and Men.† The story is about George Milton and Lennie Small, two friends who travel together in search of work. Though Lennie is very calm and harmless he isn’t very smart and is unaware of his strength, which leads him into trouble. A New York Times article describes him this way; â€Å"Lennie is a gentle giant of a man with the mental capacities of an 8-year-old. He loves to fondle soft things, like mice, puppiesRead MoreOf Mice And Men : Character Analysis1742 Words   |  7 PagesOf Mice and Men: Character Analysis John Ernst Steinbeck Jr. was an American author wrote many novels including one of his most famous, Of Mice and Men. Of Mice and Men teaches many lessons about the nature of human existence. Each relationship grows throughout this short story and end with a dramatic experience. All of the characters, including Lennie, George, Crooks, and Curley’s wife, admit, at one time or another, to having a profound sense of isolation, seclusion and loneliness. The authorRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s The Loss Of Their Dream 1795 Words   |  8 Pagessuccessfully as Curley was in search to kill Lennie in revenge for killing his wife. Also, it reflected how George was urgent to find Lennie to kill him himself so that Lennie would not have to die in a painful way. Cinematic resources helps foster an understanding for the movie we are watching as it creates emotion and allows us to analyze the scene, sometimes with limited dialogue allowing us to assess the emotions and thoughts of the characters. Lewis Milestone’s film Of Mice and Men is not onlyRead MoreOf Mice and Men Literary Analysis1242 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Of Mice and Men Literary Analysis Of Mice and Men is a novel about two men and their struggle to reach their dreams of owning their own ranch. George Milton and Lennie Small are best friends, who despite of all their extremely difference personalities, but still manage to work together, travel together and get rid of anything that gets in their way. The friendship between George and Lennie is prevalent throughout the book, but it is shown most explicitly in their plan to live on a farm togetherRead Moreenglish curlys wife1718 Words   |  7 Pagescomplex. She is first introduced through rumours means that the reader already has a biased opinion of Curley s wife before she even enters the section. Candy mentions that she, got the eye explaining that she is flirtatious and immoral with the fact that she flirts with other men immediately after it is stated that she is married to Curley. Already, the reader is introduced to the idea that Curley s wife is an immoral tart which is strengthened upon her first appearance, which follows shortly afterRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1406 Words   |  6 PagesRhetorical Analysis Essay John Steinbeck, writer of the novel, Of Mice and Men, uses many different rhetorical devices and appeals to unravel the essence and truth of the American Dream, while revolving around the world of these characters, George and Lennie. Written during the great depression, the novel itself shares the lives of many different people during that time period. It explored how everyone was treated through that time due to skin color, disabilities, and gender. Life during thisRead MoreAnalysis Of Of Mice And Men1132 Words   |  5 PagesMax Nesins Mrs. Thompson HSE 1; Period 3 November 3, 2015 Analysis of Of Mice and Men. During the 1930’s Great Depression, author, John Steinbeck (1902-1968) wrote many books regarding the difficulties and tragedies that struck farmers who strived to make a living in a rural, and destitute California. One intriguing novel that exhibits his common themes is Of Mice and Men. People similar to Lennie, strive to achieve their dream in America, the land of unlimited potential, despite the depression

The Influence of Puritanism on American Literature Essay Sample free essay sample

The Puritans and PuritanismMost of the early colonists were Puritans. a group of serious. spiritual people who advocated rigorous spiritual and moral rules. * They wanted to sublimate the English Church and to reconstruct church worship to the â€Å"pure and unspotted† status of its earlier yearss. * They opposed the luxuriant rites of the English Church. * They believed that the Bible was the revealed word of God. hence. people should steer their day-to-day behaviour with the Bible. The Puritans brought with them a doctrine of life. which is popularly known as American Puritanism. A dominant factor in American life. Puritanism was one of the most abiding and determining influences in American idea and American literature. Without true apprehension of Puritanism. there would be no existent apprehension of American literature and American civilization. ? °Puritanism had spoken for the distinction of the person. for freedom from oppressive authoritiess. and for the value of ac quisition and instruction. It led Americans to analyze their beliefs. their universe. and each other. It gave ordinary work forces and adult females a sense of intent. It encouraged them to size up issues in faith and in authorities and to talk out. It helped to make in Americans a sense of responsibility to their God. their state. and their fellow work forces. It taught work forces and adult females to labour to be good and to judge others by their lives. non by their birth. At its tallness. Puritanism served as the dominant force in the making of American literature. ? ± ( McMichael. erectile dysfunction. AAL. 11-12 ) American Puritanism is a double cultural heritage. one being spiritual and the other practical. Puritans were hence called â€Å"practical idealist† or â€Å"doctrinaire opportunist† . On the one manus. Puritanism is a extremely rigorous spiritual philosophy. The Puritans were determined to happen a topographic point on the new continent where they could idolize God in the manner they thought true Christians should. When they arrived on the continent. they saw virgin land. virgin woods. huge sweeps of wilderness. and hence believed that they were sent by God for a definite intent. Contending that there is merely one God who regulations everything on the Earth. these Puritans thought they were â€Å"the selected few† . chosen by God to restore a Commonwealth based on the instructions of the Bible. to reconstruct the lost Eden and to construct the wilderness into a new Garden of Eden. â€Å"Therefore the journey to the New World was non merely a migration. It was a new Exodus. ordained by God and foretold in the Bible. merely as the Bible promised the creative activity of a New Jerusalem. in America. † ( McMichael. erectile dysfunction. AAL. 8 ) On the other manus. Puritanism besides has its practical facet. When the Puritans foremost landed on the continent. what they were faced with was wildernessno shelter. no nutrient and no apparels. Their battle for endurance and the motion of forcing the frontier with them as they moved further and further westward made them more and more bemused with concern and net incomes. They had to work hard in order to do a life and be ready for any bad lucks and tragic failures that might lie in delay for them. Equally far as this regard is concerned. the Puritans learned a batch from the native Indians who helped them through the terrible winters. The impact of Puritanism on American literature can be summarized into the und ermentioned three classs: * American literature. in a sense. is a literary look of the pious idealism of the Puritan petition. The Puritans dreamed of life under a perfect order and worked with hope and bravery toward constructing a new Garden of Eden. Therefore. they tended to look everything with a large sum of optimism. This went into the plants of Emerson. Thoreau. Whitman. and even James. No admiration at that place appeared a temper of defeat or desperation in later periods. because as the old expression goes. â€Å"always at the latter terminal of weal bases woe† . When the dream did non happen. when a â€Å"Gilded Age† came alternatively of the Golden 1 they dreamed of. how could anyone experience? * The Puritans’ metaphorical manner of perceptual experience brought American literary symbolism into being. To the pious Puritans. the physical universe was religious. nil but a symbol of God. The universe. therefore. was one of multiple significances. This thought was distinguishable in the plants of such early authors as William Bradford. Cotton Mather. Jonathan Edwards and Emerson. In the plants of Hawthorne. Melville and Poe. this developed itself into symbolism. * The Puritan manner of authorship is characterized by simpleness. The Puritans have been â€Å"abhorred for the ir asceticism and rigidness in affairs of taste† . They formed a antipathy for art and for any manifestations of animal beauty. hence. the manner of their authorship was fresh. simple and direst. the rhetoric field and honest. words simple and trim ( non fancy ) . The usage of metaphors was merely to explicate their sentiments instead than to adorn. They wrote non-fictional prose alternatively of novels. They were good at composing history. excessively. and life was one time a popular signifier of literature. Literary SceneAlmost all literatures come from low originsdiaries. diaries. letters. discourses. travel books. etc. So did American literature. In the Colonial Period. personal literature occupied a major place in the literary scene. In contend. they served either God or the enlargement or both. In signifier. they were chiefly the imitations of the English tradition. Some of import authors in this period include: Anne Bradstreet ( 1612-1672 ) . the first noteworthy poet in America whose wordss remained unexcelled by any American adult females authors for 200 old ages until the visual aspect of Emily Dickinson. Her The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America ( 1650 ) was the first published book of poesy written by a colonist in the English settlements. Most of her verse forms were imitative in signifier. Edward Taylor ( c. 1642-1729 ) . a conservative Puritan curate. He wrote in the tradition of metaphysical poets. showing Godhead and elevated thoughts in unrelated. homely footings. His verse form revealed his attempts to obtain brotherhood with God. His manuscripts were discovered in 1930s. Cotton Mather ( 1663-1728 ) . the writer of over 400 plants. His plants were filled with classical allusions and aimed at reinvigorating the declining Puritanism of his twenty-four hours. He was the symbol of Puritan diminution. an emblem of an orthodox doomed to neglect. His representative work was Wonders of the Invisible World. Michael-Guillaume-Jean de Crevec?ur ( 1735-1813 ) . besides known as J. Hector St. John. His Letterss from an American Farmer ( 1782 ) andJourney Into Northern Pennsylvania and the State of New York ( 1801 ) served as major part to the European reading of American society. His essay â€Å"What is an American† became one of the most influential individual studies on America of all time written. Phillis Wheatley ( 1754-1784 ) . the first of import African-american poet. Born in Africa. sold as a slave. she was fortunately well-treated by her Masterss and subsequently set free. Her Poems on Assorted Subjects. Religious and Moral ( 1773 ) . a aggregation of 39 verse forms. was concerned with abstract autonomy. Philip Freneau ( 1752-1832 ) . the male parent of American poesy. His poesy was a merger of neoclassicism and romanticism. He was celebrated for his verse form. â€Å"The Rising Glory of America† . collaborated with Brackenridge. He besides founded the National Gazette. a semi-weekly newspaper that became the voice of broad democracy in American political relations. Jonathan EdwardsBenjamin Franklin Text Study * Jonathan Edwards’ â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God† * The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

Japan the second largest market economy in the World Essay Example

Japan the second largest market economy in the World Essay Now the Japanese economy is the second large market economy in the world, Japan accounts for approximately two-thirds of the total GDP of Asia and therefore has played a major role in Asia economy. Japan is the biggest investor in Asia countries and a crucial financier of world financial markets. Its economic health is important to the overall global economy, especial in Asia Pacific Business Region. Since Japanese bubble economy collapsed in 1991s, Japan has grown poor economic performance for several years (1). Moreover Asian financial crisis in 1997 has affected Japanese economy recovery, but Japan still holds the key to successful economic recovery of the APBR. Multiple Explanation of Japans Economic Success Postwar Japans extraordinary economic achievements during the post-world war II period inspired awe throughout the world. In the course of three decades, Japan transformed itself from a war-devastated country, whose industrial recovery centered on the production of cheap gadget and light consumer goods, into an affluent and technologically sophisticated global industrial leader (refer to Appendix 1). In trade, Japanese export successes have contributed to expanding surpluses in the countrys international accounts since the 1970s. We will write a custom essay sample on Japan the second largest market economy in the World specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Japan the second largest market economy in the World specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Japan the second largest market economy in the World specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These huge surpluses have been invested abroad, creating a huge stock of foreign assets for Japan. By the mid-1980s, Japan had risen to prominence as the worlds largest net creditor nation. Japanese economic growth following the American occupation wars remarkable for its magnitude, speed and downright relentlessness. Between 1957 and 1984, Japans gross national product increased from $3.08 billion to $1.261 billion, a 42-fold jump. Moreover Japans economy grew at an annual rate of 9 percent per year during the high-growth years of the 1960s (2) (refer to Appendix 2). How was this economic miracle achieved? I can discuss these from following reasons. 2Government intervention in the economy and strong government-business relationships Japan has employed a version of developmental capitalism that allows for a much greater government role in promoting Japans international competitiveness than is typical in Anglo-American liberal capitalism (3). Japanese business and government leaders started to develop and implement policies aimed at promoting national economic growth following the end of the U.S occupation of Japan in 1952. The government has positively influenced economic growth through wise macroeconomic policies. Business in Japan has maintained very close relations with the bureaucracy and politician. Three sacred treasures of semi-life employment, seniority wage scales, and company union These contributed to employee loyalty and to a high degree of harmony between workers and management. Encouragement to private saving and investment Japans gross national savings at its zenith reached nearly 40 percent in the postwar period. Between 1960 and 1980, the Japanese saved around 20 percent of their disposable personal income (4). The high level of savings of households provided banks and other financial institution with ample funds for heavy investment in the private sector. To Make much of human resources and create an environment where human resources can display their capabilities Japan has invested heavily in developing an effective education and training system. Companies are responsible for providing technical training to the persons they hire. To absorb foreign culture and technology in a flexible manner and improve them to suit the Japanese condition Development of export markets through specialization The importance of the international context Japans economic success can be explained by largely the Cold War and the relationship between the United States and Japan that it produced. The cold war rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union led the United States to shelter Japan from the vagaries of international politics, permitting the Japanese to focus their attention and resource on achieving economic growth. Advocates of free rider in which the U.S-Japan relationship has supported Japanese economic growth. The United States provided cheap technology transfer to Japan following World War II and promoted the Japanese economic buildup through its international trade policy (5). Part III What Causes the Japanese Economic Recession in the 1990s and Measures for Economic Rebirth From an economic standpoint, the contrast between the 1990s and the cold war years can be seen by looking at Japans real economic growth rate (refer to Appendix 3). In 1992, Japans economy entered a period of stagnation with economic growth rates much below the previous average. In retrospect it is clear that the Japanese economy became dominated by a financial bubble in the 1980s and early 1990s. In May 1989, the government tightened its monetary policies to suppress the rise in value of assets such as land. By the end of 1990, the Tokyo stock market had fallen 38%, wiping out 300 trillion yen (US $ 2.07 trillion) in value, and land prices dropped steeply from their speculative peak. This plunge into recession is known as the bubble economy (6). The post-bubble recession continued through the second half of the 1990s. What causes the economic recession? And how to recovery them? We can discuss in more detail. What causes economic recession? Mismanagement of economic policy In spite of the clear tendency that the bubble ceased in 1991, the government hesitated to change the policy stance toward the financial and fiscal relaxation and consequently economy went down to early zero grow. Delay of economic reform In 1980s, US and European countries promoted vigorously the deregulation policy to stimulate competition and challenge for new frontiers. However, in Japan, industries enjoyed the asset inflation and neglected to tackle for competitive capabilities. The market with remaining regulation seemed to be less attractive for international business. Weak entrepreneurial spirit Japanese business leaders tend to have the sense of yokonarabi (herd instinct) and relatively lack the self-responsibility and self-support (7). When there had problem, business leaders have strongly asked for the governmental stimulus measures without taking any drastic measure for slimming down and challenging new frontier. The Japanese business leaders are less enthusiastic in applying information system in the 1990s. Financial instability The instability of finance system has accompanied the credit crunch. Japans bubble economy resulted from the delayed change of economic policy toward tight financial policy. Soon after the authorities took the tight money policy, unfortunately taken very lately, the prices of the land and stock prices dropped dramatically (8). The Asia-pacific region, the center of world growth, is experiencing dynamic economic development against a background of political stability as the level of interdependence in the region deepens. The region was being integrated through Japanese efforts in trade, aid, FDI, technology transfer, and as a model of economic development. Many Asian countries were trying to follow in Japans developmental footstep parts of what they view as the Japanese model. The rapid growth in Asian economies since the eighties has integrated the Japanese economy deeply into the region, as can been seen from the oversea activities of Japanese companies, the divisions of labor within the Asian region, and the strengthening of relationships in the financial area. Exports have for a long time been major contributors to growth in the region. Japan remains by far the largest export from the region, though its share in total Asian exports is flopping (refer to Appendix 4). Japan is an important market for the rest of East Asias exports as well -from a high of 27 percent from Indonesia to a low of 5 percent from Hong Kong. Totally, Japan absorbs a 15-10 percent share of the export from other East Asia country (10). Japan has contributed to Asia industrial growth by supplying not only capital, but also critically needed production and process technology. The Japanese economy influences trade volumes and prices in selected commodities in APBR. For example, Japanese rice purchase affect Indonesia and Thailand, and Japanese rubber demand affects Malaysia and Thailand. Japanese performance also influences financial market in APBR, even in world. Japans foreign direct investment (FDI) flow to the region was about US$11 billion in FY 1996, mainly to China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Indonesia (11). Japans multinationals, originally led by the general trading houses, are the largest foreign investors in Asia Pacific, supplying most manufactured imports and buying large quantities of good from the region. Japan and other Asian countries economic relation Since the mid-1980s, East Asia has been viewed at the growth center for the world economy. Japan has played an important role in Asia economy development. Since the appreciation of the Yen in the middle 1980s following the Plaza Agreement of 1985, Japanese enterprises have been very active in expanding trade and investment in Asian region. For example, the share of export to East Asia out of Japans total export increased from 23% in 1985 to 43% in 1996. Similarly, the import share from East Asia also increased from 25% in 1986 to 35% in 1996. Foreign direct investment by Japan in Asia increased two-fold between 1992 and 1997 to $12.26 billion. Japans government-business alliance is pursuing an Asia-wide version of developmentalism. That is, it is exporting to the region a set of pro-growth government policies and cooperative industry practices designed to help heading manufacturing firms achieve efficiencies and market power by adopting successively more advanced technology (12). Since the mid-1980s, Japanese multinational enterprises (MNEs) have been building vertically integrated production network that they dominate in and across Asian economies. Manufactures of such electrical products as TVs, VCRs, and refrigerators opened assembly plants in China, Thailand, Malaysia, and other countries in Asia where work quality are high and labor inexpensive. On the supply side, Japanese capital continues to follow into Asia in impressive amounts ($7.76 billion in manufacturing investment in 1995, a 57 percent increased over the volume in 1994). More and more Japanese manufactures are moving into the region. On the demand side, Asian countries continue to rely heavily on Japanese technology to fuel their increasingly export-oriented economies. In 1994, 52.3 percent of Malaysias technology was imported from Japan, compared with 22.7 percent from the United States (13). In 1995, when Japan undertook FDI, 24 percent of the Japanese affiliates in the Asian newly industrialized economies (NIEs), 33 percent of those in the ASEAN -4 (Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines) and 21 percent of these in China. I can mainly talk about the relation about Japan and China, Japan and ASEAN nations. Japan Chinese economic relation Total trade between Japan and China amounted to around US$64 billion (1997), China is Japans second largest trading partner, which Japan is Chinas largest trading partner, and interdependence is deepening. Cumulative Japanese FDI in China, which had been only $3.5 billion in 1992, jumped to $8.7 billion in 1994 and then to $13.26 billion in 1995 (14). In addition, more and more Japanese manufacturers are beginning to produce not just for re-export, but for the rapidly growing China market. Japan-ASEAN economic relations In recent years, ASEAN nations have been moving toward export-oriented economic growth. Due to shortage of intermediate and capital goods necessary for product manufacturing, these nations are importing such goods from Japan for manufacturing and export. Japans trade with ASEAN region in 1997 and in 1995 shows that within than span of time exports grew approximately fivefold and imports increased by roughly 2.5 time. ASEAN accounted for 16.1% of Japans trade for 1995 (17.5% of its exports and 14.3% of imports) (refer to Appendix 5). Japans share in trade for the entire ASEAN region reached 18.6% (15.2% of exports and 21.4% of imports) (15). Japan is the top trading partner for ASEAN nations. Japans direct investments in ASEAN nations totaled US$5.13 billion in 1994. This is equivalent to 12.5% of Japans total business overseas investments and 54% of its direct investments in all of Asia (refer to Appendix 6). Headed by Indonesia that ranks at the top as destination for Japanese investment, ASEAN nations rank in the top echelon.

Effects essays

Effects essays As the issues of war change, the effects of war of a family differ in some ways and remain the same in other ways. A family will still hurt of the loss of a family member and the communication between family members has changed. From the standards of war today to the viewpoints or war, changes occur all along the way, but things still remains the same. Civil War or World War, the effects of communication from the past till now have evolved. When a family member heads off to war, there is less communication. That family member can write letters like the soldiers did back in the civil war. Now, soldiers can e-mail and use instant messenger. This helps improve communication between family members. Also, most people today have cell phones. They aid soldiers to communicate with their family members, unless there is no service where they are. Even though there is more technology to help communication between family members, the time to communicate of a soldier remains the same. In the past, the arm forces consisted of just men. Today not only men, but also women can join the army or navy to help fight in a war. Also, in the past, soldiers rode around to towns asking anyone (white males of about the age 18 and some slaves) to join their side. Just like in the past, husbands, single men, divorced men, boyfriends, still take part in the war. Today, soldiers of any race or sex may work in varies branches of the army/navy/marines, but only if they pass a series of tests. When a family member in the war dies, the effects remain the same. The family receives a letter or someone calls or visits the family to tell the family to bad news. The family would still be very hurt over the loss of a loved one. They would still want a proper burial for that person. Family members can still have different viewpoints of a war. They can both take different sides in war and remain close to each other. In the past, usually family members t...

How Planet Hunters Search for New Planets

How Planet Hunters Search for New Planets The modern age of astronomy has brought a new set of scientists to our attention: the planet hunters. These people, often working in teams using ground-based and space-based telescopes are turning up planets by the dozens out there in the galaxy. In return, those newly found worlds are expanding our understanding of how worlds form around other stars and how many extrasolar planets, often referred to as exoplanets, exist in the Milky Way galaxy. The Hunt for Other Worlds around the Sun Searching for planets began in our own solar system, with the discovery of worlds beyond the familiar naked-eye planets of Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Uranus and Neptune were found in the 1800s, and Pluto wasnt discovered until the early years of the 20th century. These days, the hunt is on for other dwarf planets out in the far reaches of the solar system. One team, led by astronomer Mike Brown of CalTech continually looks for worlds in the Kuiper Belt (a distant realm of the solar system), and have notched their belts with a number of claims. So far, they have found the world Eris (which is larger than Pluto), Haumea, Sedna, and dozens of other trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). Their hunt for a Planet X sparked worldwide attention, but as of mid-2017, nothing has been seen.   Looking for Exoplanets The search for worlds around other stars began in 1988 when astronomers found hints of planets around two stars and a pulsar. The first confirmed exoplanet around a main-sequence star occurred in 1995 when astronomers Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz of the University of Geneva announced the discovery of a planet around the star 51 Pegasi. Their find was proof that planets orbited sun-like stars in the galaxy. After that, the hunt was on, and astronomers began finding more planets. They used several methods, including the radial velocity technique. It looks for the wobble in a stars spectrum, induced by the slight gravitational tug of a planet as it orbits the star. They also used the dimming of starlight produced when a planet eclipses its star.   A number of groups have been involved in surveying stars to find their planets. At last count, 45 ground-based planet-hunting projects have found more than 450 worlds. One of them, the Probing Lensing Anomalies Network, which has merged with another network called MicroFUN Collaboration, looks for gravitational lensing anomalies. These happen when stars are lensed by massive bodies (such as other stars)   or planets. Another group of astronomers formed a group called the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE), which used ground based instruments to look for stars, as well. Planet Hunting Enters the Space Age Hunting for planets around other stars is a painstaking process. It doesnt help that Earths atmosphere makes the view of such tiny objects very difficult to obtain. Stars are large and bright; planets are small and dim. They can get lost in the glow of starlight, so direct images are incredibly tough to obtain, especially from the ground. So, space-based observations provide a better view and allow instruments and cameras to make the painstaking measurements involved in modern planet-hunting.   Hubble Space Telescope has made many stellar observations and  has been used to image planets around other stars, as has the Spitzer Space Telescope. By far the most productive planet hunter has been the Kepler Telescope. It was launched in 2009 and spent several years searching out planets in a small area of the sky in the direction of the constellations Cygnus, Lyra, and Draco. It found thousands of planet candidates before it ran into difficulties with its stabilization gyros. It now hunts for planets in other areas of the sky, and the Kepler database of confirmed planets contains more than 4,000 worlds. Based on Kepler discoveries, which were aimed mostly at trying to find Earth-size planets, it has been estimated that nearly every Sun-like star in the galaxy (plus many other types of stars) has at least one planet. Kepler also found many other larger planets, often referred to as super Jupiters and Hot Jupiters and Super Neptunes.   Beyond Kepler While Kepler has been one of the most productive planet-hunting scopes in history, it will eventually stop working. At that point, other missions will take over, including the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which will be launched in 2018, and the James Webb Space Telescope, which will also head to space in 2018. After that, the Planetary Transits and Oscillations of Stars mission (PLATO), being built by the European Space Agency, will begin its hunt sometime in the 2020s, followed by WFIRST (the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope), which will hunt for planets and search for dark matter, beginning sometime in the mid 2020s.   Each planet hunting mission, whether from the ground or in space, is crewed by teams of astronomers who are experts at the search for planets. Not only will they look for planets, but eventually, they hope to use their telescopes and spacecraft to get data that will reveal the conditions on those planets. The hope is to look for worlds that, like Earth, could support life.

Soc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Soc - Essay Example and said that Symbolic interactionism is a study of human group, life and conduct. [Lindsay Nelson, 1998) Following this definition, this theory gives rise to the importance of understanding the meaning of life and conduct that leads to gender and racial inequalities. According to the study of Corell and Ridgeway, (2004) gender inequalities can be attributed to culture beliefs that institutionalized the category of segregating men and women. This belief on category has created a bias of difference of social inequality of race and gender, and bringing into the system the various multi-faceted structures in life. This question is also related to the study of sociology of sex which is one of the branches of study of symbolic interaction. 2. Knowing what you know now about how the self is constructed, how do you think sociological counseling would work? What is "clinical sociology"? What is the current state of "clinical sociology"? Self is somebody’s personality or an aspect of somebody’s personality, especially as perceived by others. When there is a perceived problem on one’s self, the role of a clinical sociologist is to intervene in order to facilitate change. First a Clinical Sociologist assesses the situation along with the context of beliefs and practices and tries to provide a solution to improve the situation. The clinical sociologist can focus on the role of counseling, (e.g. marriage counseling or community counseling). Clinical sociology has been defined by Jan Marie Fritz as †¦Ã¢â‚¬ the application of the sociological perspective to facilitate changes. The clinical sociologist is primarily a change agent who is immersed in the client’s social world Current state of â€Å"clinical sociology†. Dr. Mark Foster, (n.d.) in an internet article, reported that many universities have incorporated sociological practice in their curriculum, and accreditation bodies have been created for this

Special Interest Tourism in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Special Interest Tourism in the UK - Essay Example The main river, Shannon, runs through North Ireland and into independent South Ireland. The United Kingdom is a glowing economy with one of the highest per capita income in the world at 35,100. "The United Kingdom "is separated from Scotland on the north by the granite Cheviot Hills; the Pennine chain of uplands extends south through the center of England, reaching its highest point in the Lake District in the northwest. To the west along the border of Wales, a land of steep hills and valleys, are the Cambrian Mountains, while the Cotswolds, a range of hills in Gloucestershire, extend into the surrounding shires. "Important rivers flowing into the North Sea are the Thames, Humber, Tees, and Tyne. In the west are the Severn and Wye, which empty into the Bristol Channel and are navigable, as are the Mersey and Ribble" (United Kingdom: History, Geography, Government and Culture, 2009). With such a rich topography, the whole of the United Kingdom has special interest tourist locations spread out throughout the land. For this essay, we will concentrate on Harrogate in England as the special interest tourist location. Harrogate is one of the places in England, "suited for tourism owing to its special features and rural leanings. "The Harrogate district boasts a strong, resilient economy centred on a high quality built and natural environment, a culture of enterprise and a highly skilled resident workforce" (Draft Economic Strategy). "Business tourism attracts over 350,000 visitors per annum. This brings spending of 160m to the district each year and helps support around 21,000 tourism-related jobs (30% of employment) in hotels, restaurants and other related businesses" (Draft Economic Strategy). Owing to the recent worldwide recession, development in Harrogate had to be curtailed that also led to some setback to tourism. The area has to be appropriately developed with railways and roads to enable better transportation. Also, infrastructure including communication is relatively poor in the rural areas of the district. Facilities for higher education do not exist. These conditions do not severely affect tourism. However, they impact the quality of tourism in the area that can only improve with proper infrastructure and education. Evidently, the urban-rural connection in the region is imbalanced but the rural areas are poised for better organizational growth with initiatives from the local authority and its partnership with the sub-regional tourism and coastal tourism bodies. There has been a growth of 75% in the tourism industry in the last twelve months in Harrogate. The region attracts footfalls not only locally but also from other countries such as Germany, Netherlands, Slovenia, and Eastern European nations. This is indicative of the rich potential that exists in Harrogate as a tourist centre in Europe (Suckling, Helen et al; 2010). The

Low-cost Leadership Program Essay Example for Free

Low-cost Leadership Program Essay The best way for an organization to implement a low cost leadership-training program is to use a variety of approaches; this will maximize organizations efforts to have well trained employees with a focus on long-term development. In the case of a non-profit organization, the best way to set up a low-cost-leadership-training program would be to set-up a training committee. The committee would be composed of entry-level managers, upper management, and executives. This would allow for entry-level managers to have an input regarding what the employees need training and developing on. Also, with t upper-management and executives being involved and spearheading the committee, it lets employees realize that the organization cares about its employees. Once the training committee has been set up, it can then look into the variety of options they have available to them. It can send committee members to seminars, conferences, and trainings, which in turn would allow them to gather information and then train the organizations employees on the matter at hand. For example, a non-profit that works in family and youth development can send 3 site managers and 1 area director to a BOOST conference, a three-day conference that assists non-profits with ways to fundraise, market, build relationships with school faculty, connecting with members, redirecting negative behavior, etc. The employees that were chosen would then bring back the information they learned and recreate the training for the employees in the organization. Financially, this would be a great way for the organization to save money, while still managing to train employees. The training committee would also set up site visits to other highly productive companies and organizations. By doing so, the committee can send non-committee members as well as committee officials to do site visits to observe the work culture and environment of such company. The committee would have to brief the employees on what the purpose of the visit will be; therefore, allowing the employees to prepare questions that can be tailored to extract information pertinent to their needs. For example, the Boys and Girls Club doing a site visit to the YMCA. Finally, managers can find themselves overwhelmed by the amount of people they oversee and allotting enough time to each employee. Employees have a myriad  of concerns and issues that they might want to address with their supervisors. However, many times these issues are minimal but time consuming. Therefore, in order to minimize distractions and optimize productivity from lone employees and managers, setting up a mentor program within the organization would be a highly effective addition to training and developing program. Long-standing company employees would be mentors to new employees. This would allow for new employees to have a person to resort to in case they have any doubts or questions. The pros of setting up a training committee are low financial costs. It also allows for employees from all categories to interact and join efforts in the overall improvement of the organization. Also, if the organizations overall production increases and the organization sees sufficient growth, this committee can become its own department in the long run. It is important to keep in mind that regardless of the benefits this may provide a company, it undoubtedly will also come its consequences. In order for the company to ensure that the committee is successful, it will have to ensure that the committee members are effective communicators, great planners, and have plenty of public speaking skills. Otherwise, this will be detrimental to the committee but more importantly to the employees who will be receiving training from them. Also, trainings must be composed of material that will be useful to employees, and has to incorporate active learning techniques, case analysis, and hands on interaction in order to involve and stimulate the employees. The mentor program might also face its problems, so when pairing up employees, upper management must ensure that personalities are compatible and that the mentor is qualified to be one.

Friday Night Lights - Just Read It ! :: friday

Friday Night Lights - Just Read It ! Meat head, dumb jock. These are just two of the many derogatory labels given to football players. Is it possible for me, a meat head, to hear the criticisms dealt to the sport of football? Is it possible for me, a dumb football jock, to understand and be objective about the issues raised in the book, Friday Night Lights? Yes, because I'm not the stereotypical football player like those described of Odessa, Texas. The football players in Odessa were generally a wild party crowd. It was typical that late in the fourth quarter, when the game was in the bag, the players would begin talking on the sidelines about what parties they were going to after the game, what girls they were going to try to pick up, and laughing about how drunk they were going to get. They cared nothing for academics. The senior star running back, Boobie Miles, was taking a math course that most students took as freshmen. Many of the senior players' schedules consisted of nothing but electives. For the Oddesa footbal players, school was nothing more than a social get-to-gether, served up to them as a chance to flirt with girls and hand out with their friends. They knew that their performance in class didn't matter; the teacher would provide the needed grade to stay on the team. It wasn't uncommon for players to receive answer keys for a test or simply to be exempt from taking the test at all. Some didn't know how they would cope without football after the season was over. They ate, drank, and slept it. On the whole, these 16 and 17-year-old boys' identity was wrapped up in a pigskin. The Odessa football players couldn't be objective about criticisms of football. Their total self-esteem depended on how they did on Friday night. This was the glorified culmination of their football career: wearing the black MoJo uniform in the stadium under the big lights. Football was more than just a game to them; it was a religion. It "made them seem like boys going off to fight a war for the benefit of someone else, unwitting sacrifices to a strange and powerful god" (Bissinger, p.11). Because football was so meaningful in their lives, to criticize it was to criticize everything they'd worked so hard for and lived for.

Moral Sainthood Essay

The concept of moral sainthood quickly becomes a negative one, simply because no one can be perfect. When we hold high expectations for people, they will inevitably fail to meet these criteria for perfection. When this occurs, individuals who hold high expectations of their moral saint will experience a huge let down. Also, a mere onlooker may get the wrong idea, and value the immoral decisions that this person made, or at least view their mistake as acceptable behavior. One of the main arguments against moral sainthood is that there is a limit to how much morality we, as humans, can take. A true moral saint would carry through with their virtues to an excess. You would not be able to make a negative assessment to an immoral person, or a positive one to moral one. A true moral saint can not gain any skills, or glean any joy from non-moral events, like winning a football game, or finishing a painting. â€Å"The normal person’s direct and specific desires for objects, activites, and events that conflict with the attainment of moral perfection are not simply sacrificed but removed, suppressed, or subsumed† (Wolf 350). These would be pointless attempts at folly. Moral perfection is not only impossible, it’s not desirable socially. The qualities that a true moral saint would possess, if saints did exist, are qualities that are unattractive to society. A true moral saint cannot go through the normal social experiences we go through, like developing a sense of humor, or getting into an intimate relationship. A moral saint would not conform to any of the molds society creates. Given many of these molds may be inappropriate or immoral, there are some you can not overlook as necessary. Your overall characteristics as a person would suffer as well, seeing how the well-rounded qualities we all need would not be present. These moral saints can often cause tension among ‘average citizens’ because of the uncomfortable feeling they may bring to the table. These people of ‘perfection’ highlight the natural flaws we, as humans, all have. A small mistake soon becomes a huge ordeal, and these ‘higher beings’ are eventually making us feel inferior, instead of people we should be looking up to, and aspiring to be. Humans are not willing to condemn themselves, so this process of being frowned upon is, well, frowned upon. When people develop into role models, they attain the admiration of others. Although media portrayal may transform these everyday people into super heros, they are not. When we value other people’s morals and opinions instead of considering our own, we are being shallow. Although some may say we base our role models on our own morals, we have a certain expectation for role models that, as humans, they can not always fulfill. These people many hold as role models, are individuals we do not even know personally. Athletes and movie stars are people that we do not know on a personal level, so we don’t even know if their behaviors are worth valuing. These heroes are being judged based on how the media portrays them. When we judge a person based on their media presence, we choose to view them only in the light, not the dark. As humans, we are often afflicted with an obsession of power. This obsession with power causes us to create heroes out of everyday people with ordinary characteristics. When we put them on a pedastol and look up to them, this undue admiration is given out far too easily. These ‘leaders’ we establish will eventually conform to the group they’re in charge of and act the way they think people want them to act. Expectations then soon lead to pressure, and this will cause the person to act differently. What people fail to realize is that there are ordinary individuals who are doing better things, achieving higher standards, and living their life more ethically and morally than those we call super heroes. People such as movie stars, sports stars, and the rich and famous person will, in our society, be more of a hero than the ordinary person, until they make a mistake. The process of becoming a moral saint simply does not work within our society. Social norms do not lend themselves easily to one seeking unattainable qualities of moral sainthood.

Choosing a Topic Essay

Autism: Evaluations of biomedical and dietary intervention and their impact on autistic individuals. Interesting: yes it is something that is interesting to many people not just me. I feel that it is something that people need to know about. With the increase of autism it is an option that needs to get out there for people to know. Researchable: Yes it is very researchable. There are so many web sits on this. You can find so much on the internet. Most schools for the autistic also have some information on the biomedical and dietary intervention. One that is researching this can also talk to the older highly functional autistic individuals. These individuals can let you know there personal experiences. Important: It is very important with the increase of autism. I only had one person respond to my post. My class mate wanted to know if there was a connection between autism and celiac disease. She has a friend that has this disease and her friend has gone through a dietary intervention and she thought that there may be a connection in the two. To tell the truth I have never heard of celiac disease, but I will look into it to see if there is anything in commune. Describe two controversies surrounding this topic. Yes this is a very controversial topic. This is due to the fact that when one is on a biomedical or dietary intervention most of the time they stop taking their pharmaceutical drugs. The thought behind the intervention is that if you remove some foods from the diet such as gluten or dairy you may remove the problem. The problem is a gastrointestinal disturbance. The other is that when you take some foods out of your diet you also take out the vitamins that are in that food, so the patient has to take supplements in order to get what the body needs. Some families look at it as you take away one or two drugs just to change the diet just to add a hand full of supplements. I don’t know about you but as a mother I would rather have my child take a hand full of supplements just to get rid of a few harm full pharmaceuticals. Describe which side of the argument you feel is the right and why. I feel that it should be tried. What could it hurt? If your child if allergic to the food he/she eats then get rid of the problem, the food. If you could make your child feel better and not be on all kinds of medicine what would you do? It is just that simple. Yes you will have to change the way you shop but what parent would not go to the ends of the earth for their child? Formulate a working thesis statement. Autism: Evaluations of biomedical and dietary intervention and their impact on autistic individuals. There is not a cure for autism but we can help decrease the frequencies of the autistic outburst.

Free Essays on Pregnancy Discrimination

On October 31, 1978 the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, which is an amendment to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, became law (Title VII, Sec 2000e.k). The intent of the amendment is to make it illegal for employers to discriminate against women for being pregnant or for reasons related to pregnancy. That means that if a pregnant woman can perform the duties of the job for which she is applying, or is already working, then conditions of employment are met and the pregnant woman must be considered equally among other employees or applicants. If an employee becomes pregnant and is unable to perform her usual duties because of the pregnancy, the employer must consider her a temporarily disabled employee, provided she meets the requirements of disability. Those requirements may include verification by a doctor that the employee is unable to perform her usual duties because of the pregnancy. The employer may offer light duty assignments, or the employee may be placed on disability or unpaid leave. However, the pregnant employee can legally work so long as she can continue to perform her job as normally required. For purposes of insurance, costs of pregnancies must be covered the same as other medical conditions. If the insurance plan has provisions to reject conditions that exist at the time coverage commences, then medical expenses may be denied for those pregnancies. The medical benefit must be the same for spouses of employees as it is for the employees. The benefits received by employees on temporary medical leave are the same that must be applied to employees on leave for pregnancy. In 2002 a settlement was reached between the EEOC and Verizon, in favor of women who had taken maternity leaves of 2 to 12 weeks, between 1965 and 1983 (EEOC v Verizon). The settlement makes whole female employees who were denied service credit that they would have received, had they been on other types of medical leave. Pregnancy must be cons... Free Essays on Pregnancy Discrimination Free Essays on Pregnancy Discrimination On October 31, 1978 the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, which is an amendment to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, became law (Title VII, Sec 2000e.k). The intent of the amendment is to make it illegal for employers to discriminate against women for being pregnant or for reasons related to pregnancy. That means that if a pregnant woman can perform the duties of the job for which she is applying, or is already working, then conditions of employment are met and the pregnant woman must be considered equally among other employees or applicants. If an employee becomes pregnant and is unable to perform her usual duties because of the pregnancy, the employer must consider her a temporarily disabled employee, provided she meets the requirements of disability. Those requirements may include verification by a doctor that the employee is unable to perform her usual duties because of the pregnancy. The employer may offer light duty assignments, or the employee may be placed on disability or unpaid leave. However, the pregnant employee can legally work so long as she can continue to perform her job as normally required. For purposes of insurance, costs of pregnancies must be covered the same as other medical conditions. If the insurance plan has provisions to reject conditions that exist at the time coverage commences, then medical expenses may be denied for those pregnancies. The medical benefit must be the same for spouses of employees as it is for the employees. The benefits received by employees on temporary medical leave are the same that must be applied to employees on leave for pregnancy. In 2002 a settlement was reached between the EEOC and Verizon, in favor of women who had taken maternity leaves of 2 to 12 weeks, between 1965 and 1983 (EEOC v Verizon). The settlement makes whole female employees who were denied service credit that they would have received, had they been on other types of medical leave. Pregnancy must be cons...

Anglicism and Pseudo Anglicism in Germany

Anglicism and Pseudo Anglicism in Germany Anglicism, Pseudo-Anglicism, and Denglisch-lass Deutsch talken, dude! Just like in many other parts of the world, the Anglo-American impact on culture and daily life can also be witnessed in Germany. Movies, games, and music are mostly of American origin, but not only  are entertainment and media influenced by it but also the language. In Germany, this influence becomes obvious in many cases. Scientists of the University of Bamberg have found out that the use of Anglicisms in Germany has increased more and more over the last twenty years; talking about substantives, it has even doubled. Of course, this is not only the fault of Coca-Cola or The Warner Brothers but also an effect of the dominance of the English language as a way to communicate with the whole world. That is why many English words have made it into everyday use in Germany and within the German language. They are not all the same; some are just lent,  and others are completely made up. Its  time to take a closer look at Anglicism, pseudo-Anglicism, and Denglisch.   Lets first face the difference between Anglicisms and Denglisch. The  first one means just those words which were adopted from the English language, most of them meaning things, phenomena, or anything else without a German expression for it - or at least with no expression that is really used. Sometimes, this can be useful,  but sometimes, it is just excessive. For example, there are plenty of German words, but people just want to sound interesting by using English ones instead. That would be called Denglisch. Digital world Examples for Anglicisms in German can easily be found in the world of computers and electronics. Whereas in the 1980s, mostly German words were commonly  used to describe digital issues, today, most people use English equivalents. An example is the word Platine, meaning (circuit) board. Another one is the rather silly sounding expression Klammeraffe, a German word for the at  sign. Besides the digital world, you could also mention Rollbrett for skateboard. By the way, nationalists or even national socialists in Germany often refuse to use English words, even if they are really common. Instead, they use German equivalents nobody would ever use like Weltnetz instead of Internet or even Weltnetz-Seite (Website). Not only  does the digital world brings many new anglicisms to Germany, but also, business-related topics are more and more likely to be described in English than in German. Because of globalization, many companies think it makes them sound more international if they use E nglish expressions instead of German ones. It is rather common in many companies today to call the Boss  the CEO - an expression that was widely unknown twenty years ago. Many use titles like that for the whole staff. By the way, staff is also an example of an English word replacing a traditional German one - Belegschaft. English assimilation While substantives are rather easy to integrate into the German language, it gets a bit more difficult and also confusing when it comes to verbs. With the German language having rather complex grammar compared to English, it becomes necessary to conjugate them in everyday use. Thats where it becomes weird. Ich habe gechillt (I chilled) is just an everyday example of an Anglicism being used just like a German verb. Especially among young people, speech  patterns like this can often be heard. The language of the youth leads us to another similar phenomenon: translating English words or phrases word by word into German, making a calque. Many German words have English origins nobody would notice at first sight. Wolkenkratzer is just the German equivalent of skyscraper (though meaning cloud-scraper). Not only single words but also whole phrases have been translated and adopted, and they sometimes even replace the correct expression that also exists in German. Saying Das macht Sinn, mean ing That makes sense, is common, but it  just doesnt make sense at all. The right expression would be Das hat Sinn or Das ergibt Sinn. Nevertheless, the first one is silently replacing the others. However, sometimes, this phenomenon is even by intention. The verb gesichtspalmieren, mainly used by young Germans, doesnt really make sense to those who dont know the meaning of face palm - it is just a word-for-word translation into German. However, as a native  English speaker, the  German  language gets confusing when it comes to pseudo-anglicisms. Many  of  them  are  in use, and they all have one thing in common: They sound English, but they were made up by Germans, mostly because somebody wanted something to sound more international. Good examples are Handy, meaning cell phone, a beamer, meaning video projector, and Oldtimer, meaning classic car. Sometimes, this can also lead to embarrassing misunderstandings, for example, if some German tells you he or she is working as a Streetworker, meaning he  or  she is dealing with homeless  people or drug  addicts and doesnt know that it originally described a street prostitute. Sometimes, it can be useful to loan words from other languages, and  sometimes it just sounds silly. German is a beautiful language that can describe almost everything precisely and doesnt need to be replaced by another one - what do you think? Are anglicisms enriching  or unnecessary?

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 21

History - Essay Example Stephen Kinzer in book â€Å"Overthrow† argues that America could have avoided most of these violent military confrontations spending billions of dollars and causing bloodshed and pain by more patient and effective use of diplomacy and its tools of persuasion. â€Å"Modern history makes it eminently clear that when United States engages with oppressive and threatening regimes, using combinations of incentives, threats, punishments and rewards, those regimes slowly becomes less dangerous† (p.320). This statement sums up what the US has to understand if they truly want peace on earth rather than using the military might to overthrow the other countries governments. The author cites the examples of China, the former Soviet Union, South Korea, South Africa as the success stories of effective diplomatic strategy. At the same time one look at the countries that US militarily intervened like, Philippines, Afghanistan, North Korea, Vietnam, Iran and Iraq the results were terribly wrong. In Iran for example in the early 1951, US at the request of the British, removed a fully functional democratic government only to install a dictator. And in Iraq several decades later they did exactly opposite. Both have not worked. Iran became a completely anti-american country with religious leaders as head of state that looks to oppose any American ideas at the world level. Iraq is still smoldering from the chaos of war with violent reactions every now and then. The resentment against US is ever increasing with strong Anti-US propaganda. The author argues that in most of these cases diplomatic and political approaches would have been far more effective. More often than not, the think tank of the US gets impatient and jumps to the conclusion that a â€Å"regime change† is the only answer. What do they do?. They forcefully invade the country with their military might and advanced weaponry, remove the leader of that country and hand its power to someone who will dance to their tunes.

HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HR - Essay Example However, this change in organizations has been met with resistance from the employees within the organization. This resistance in organizations takes place when the employees realize that they do not want a change and protest. Sometimes, this resistance may be unknowingly, where the employees express their resistance though their actions, words they use to delineate the change, and the tales they tell at the working stations (Holland 62). As organizations change in order to be competitive in the contemporary business environment, resistance has been attributed to poor communication, a feeling of exclusion, self-interest, lack of the necessary skills and lack of trust. Transitions in most organizations have been resisted by employees since they require learning of new skills, for instance, adoption of new technology. On the other hand, trust plays an imperative role in adoption of transitions and the success of organizations ( Holland 65). It is challenging for human resource personne l to institute any changes in the organizations if the workers do not trust each other or if they do not trust the primary decision makers. In some instances, employees have attributed the transitions to numerous negative reasons or may presume that they will ultimately lose their jobs. Resistance to change by employees can have numerous adverse effects on an organization. These effects are far reaching and affect the progress of the company and motivation of the workers. Resistance to change can impede the accomplishment of human resources managers and the success of the organization as a whole. Needless to say, protest among the employees can influence the pace at which innovation is espoused ( Holland 71). It affects the sentiments, feelings and attitudes of the workers at all phases of the espousal process. When employees protest a change in their work stations, they may experience a decrease in their optimism and hopefulness on their professional prospect within the organizatio n. This may take place particularly if there is little or no communication about the transition (Holland 73). This can, therefore, result to widespread decrease in employee motivation, which can sequentially raise issues in the retention of employees. Resistance to change also affects the productivity of the personnel and their associations. Low and reduced productivity results when employees spend more time protesting change within their workplaces and less time on the operations of the organization. This results to deceased efficiency and productivity among the workers, which impacts the organization’s bottom line. In reality, decreased levels of productivity will jump unswervingly to the surface of the basis for the transitions, as transitions are always aimed at increasing productivity and effectiveness of the organization (Holland 73-5). Resistance to change may trigger or cause a disorderly work setting. The staff members protesting against transition may cause upheaval s with flare-ups concerning the transitions or develop a confrontational attitude towards the company management. This may be spread to the other workers within the organization, inspiring them to embrace similar acts and deeds, which can subsequently cause immense agitation among the workers. It is, therefore, imperative for the human resource professionals to spot resistance to change among the employe

Five Controversial Argumentative Views That Constitute a Proper Aim of Essay

Five Controversial Argumentative Views That Constitute a Proper Aim of Law - Essay Example Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign.† Mills was a British philosopher, economist and civil servant and a very influential contributor to the ideas of his time in social theory, political theory, and political economy. His concept of liberty gave complete control and freedom to the individual and opposed unlimited state control. Mills’ theory excuses persons who are â€Å"incapable of self-government† from this principle, such as young children or those living in â€Å"backward states of society.† Mills also felt that despotism (tyranny) is an acceptable form of government for societies that are â€Å"backward,† as long as the absolute ruler has the best interests of the people at heart. However, the theory has complications as â€Å"harms† may include actions that are omitted as well as acts of commission. Failing to rescue a drowning child or failing to pay taxes, both are harmful omissions that may be regula ted by law. Mills did not think that offense constituted â€Å"harm†; however, an action could be curtailed if it violated the morals of a society. He also contended that free speech is a necessary condition for intellectual and social progress. He was famous for being one of the first supporters of rights for women. In his book â€Å"The Subjection of Women† he points out three major facets hindering women, society and gender construction, education, and marriage. His formation of the â€Å"greatest-happiness principle† is his most famous theory. It stipulated that a person must always act so as to produce the greatest happiness among feeling beings within reason. He also felt that intellectual and moral pleasures were more important than physical forms of pleasure. He believed in free markets and accepted intervention in the economy for tax on alcohol and supported legislation on animal welfare. John Austin was a noted British jurist and author of law and juri sprudence. He developed a theory called â€Å"legal positivism.† This basic theory of law states that there is no association between the validity of a law and ethics and morality. Therefore, by â€Å"legal positivism† the law is considered separate from moral and ethical values. It considers the law to be studied by lawmakers who are humans. It does not give any real basis for arguing against the validity of any law based on the content, no matter how horrible to the morality of any person. The argument is based solely on the nature of the law being a human institution. Gerald Dworkin is a professor of moral, political and legal philosophy. He is noted for his development and writings on â€Å"moral paternalism†, which refers to an attitude or policy based on the hierarchy of a families’ CEO or authority. His research includes ideas of the nature and justification of self-government or the right of self-government. His most recent book defends physician- assisted suicide. In it he argues that doctors who approve of stopping life support at the patient’s request, giving pain-relief medication that kills the patient, or who approves terminal sedation are inconsistent in condemning physician-assisted suicide. â€Å"Legal moralism† is a theory of jurisprudence which projects that laws may be used to prohibit or require a certain

Soft And Hard Human Resource Management

Soft And Hard Human Resource Management HRM is an essential and vital function for organizational success. Areas within HRM like Manpower planning, Job analysis, Selection and Recruitment, Compensation and Benefits, Performance evaluations, Contract negotiations and Labor legislations are parts of hard HRM whereas functions like Organizational development, conflict management, human resource education, leadership development, organizational culture, and relationship building are components of soft HRM. The hard HRM can be categorized as the basic functions and soft HRM as advanced functions. In todays knowledge economy, where human capital determines the growth and success of an organization, both hard and soft HRM are sig. Hard HRM:- a very instrumental, practical approach, people seen as a passive resources to be used, deployed and if necessary disposed of HR planning is seen as a factor of production incompatible with trade unions-may necessitate confrontation to implement concepts. Soft HRM: sometimes known as development humanism stresses human side entails trust, collaboration, skill development place for unions in this model where unions are marginalized and by passed on many issues or alternative forms of employee representation are initiated above all, about commitment and partnership. Hard HR Management Soft HR Management Treats employees simply as a resource of the business (like machinery buildings) Strong link with corporate business planning what resources do we need, how do we get them and how much will they cost Treats employees as the most important resource in the business and a source of competitive advantage Employees are treated as individuals and their needs are planned accordingly Focus of HRM: identify workforce needs of the business and recruit manage accordingly (hiring, moving and firing) Focus of HRM: concentrate on the needs of employees their roles, rewards, motivation etc. Key features Key features Short-term changes in employee numbers (recruitment, redundancy) Strategic focus on longer-term workforce planning Minimal communication, from the top down Strong and regular two-way communication Pay enough to recruit and retain enough staff (e.g. minimum wage) Competitive pay structure, with suitable performance-related rewards (e.g. profit share, share options) Little empowerment or delegation Employees are empowered and encouraged to seek delegation and take responsibility Appraisal systems focused on making judgments (good and bad) about staff Appraisal systems focused on identifying and addressing training and other employee development needs Taller organizational structures Flatter organizational structures Suits autocratic leadership style Suits democratic leadership style As analyzing this, the hard approach to HR might be expected to result in a more cost-effective workforce where decision-making is quicker and focused on senior managers. However, such an approach pays relatively little attention to the needs of employees and a business adopting a genuinely hard approach might expect to suffer from higher absenteeism and staff turnover and less successful recruitment but the soft approach will certainly appeal to the touchy-feely among it who like to see people being treated nicely. And it can also make a good business case for an approach which rewards employee performance and motivates staff more effectively. However, the danger of taking too soft an approach is that when all the employee benefits are added up, the cost of the workforce leaves a business at a competitive disadvantage. HMR and Personal/ IR Practices with Compared to 27 Dimensions of Storys Definitions Storys model gives a clear idea about the difference between personal and industrial human resource management, According to storys model of human resource management: Human Resource Management has to be implemented into the organization strategy and has to be considered in the higher level of the organization. Human Resource Management needs to be included to management functions and creates an impact on the organizations ability to achieve their goals. Human Resource Managements main key function is to encourage commitment from the employees in the organization but not complaints. Humans ability, capability and commitment is what differentiate each organization has. Points of difference between personnel and IR practices and HRM practices Dimensions Personnel/IR HRM Beliefs Assumptions Contract Careful delineation of written contracts Aim to go beyond contract Guide to management action Procedures Business need Behavior referent Norms Values Managerial task via a vise labor Monitoring Nurturing Strategic Aspect Key relations Labor management Customer Corporate plan Marginal to Central to Speed of decision Slow Fast Line Management Management role Transactional Transformational leadership Communication Indirect Direct Standardization High Low Key Levelers Selection Separate, marginal task Integrated, key task Pay Job evaluation Performance related Conditions Separately negotiated Harmonization Labor management Collective bargaining contracts Towards individual contracts Role of the Line Managers and employees in the organization. The areas where front line managers and employees make a significant difference to people management practices are: Performance Appraisal Training, coaching and guidance Involvement and communication Openness how easy is it for employees to discuss matters with their front line manager Work-life balance Recognition the extent to which employees feel their contribution is recognized. These are all areas where, although the process may be designed by HR, it cannot be delivered by HR. The front line manager role is crucial in a number of respects In enabling the HR policies and practices, or bringing them to life. in acting upon advice or guidance from HR in controlling the work flow by directing and guiding the work of others To do this successfully, this part of the front line managers role must be given at least as much recognition as other operational areas and they must be allocated time within their work schedule to carry out the people management side of the job. The qualities and skills needed from front line managers. The Bath research found that front line managers exercise a strong influence over the level of discretion that an individual has over how they do their job. Some managers can permit and encourage people to be responsible for their own jobs whereas others can stifle initiative through controlling or autocratic behavior. To encourage the kind of discretionary behavior from employees associated with higher performance, front line managers need to: Build a good working relationship with their staff. They need to lead, listen, ask, communicate, be fair, respond to suggestions and deal with problems. Help and support employees to take more responsibility for how they do their jobs by coaching and guidance. Build effective teams. Many of the qualities and skills which are associated with higher quality front line management are around the behaviors of front line managers. It is not enough to educate front line managers in the behaviors required; organizations must also ensure they are developing the environment and culture in which front line managers are actively encouraged and permitted to exhibit the behaviors above. The Bath research found that organizations which had a strong shared culture with guiding principles for behavior which were embedded into practice over time were more successful Attribution: http://www.citehr.com/15998-role-front-line-managers-hr.html#ixzz21Teh5Dml Section B There are potential benefits for both the individual and the organization from using a proper performance management A good performance management system works towards the improvement of the overall organizational performance by managing the performances of terms and individuals for ensuring the achievement of the overall organizational ambitions and goals. An effective performance management system can play a very crucial role in managing the performance in an organization by: Improved business profits The bottom line of an organization improves significantly by increasing employee productivity and quality of work. Increase employee responsibility Communicating realistic but challenging job expectations and making employee accountable for their decisions and actions result in noticeable improvements in employee tardiness, absences and organizational commitment. Equitable treatment of employees All employees are treated fairly by implementing standardized procedures that promote consistency throughout an organization. Enhanced quality of work life Employees experience greater job satisfaction because they become more successful As a HR manager, you need to manage different human resource practices in the workplace Yes I do agree with the statement. Approaching the nature of HRM from a slightly different perspective, (Bowen and Ostroff, 2004) have argued that what they term a strong HR system is more likely to have an impact. Where more high performance practices are in place, and all helping to elicit the same kind of attitudes and behavior from employees, the cumulative impact is likely to be greater. In this context, the specific sets of practices that might be associated with competence, motivation or contribution become rather less important. Another reason why specific bundles of practices might be less significant and difficult to link to performance is that some practices might contribute to several HR outcomes. For example, job design or goal setting might affect both motivation and opportunity to contribute. This leads to two possibilities. On the one hand it may be most appropriate to follow the Bowen and Ostroff line and count the number of practices in place; on the other, it may b e sensible to explore whether specific practices are consistently associated with superior performance. There is an impact of globalization on issues such as human resource planning Yes I do agree with the statement. The interest in strategic human resource management (HRM) has spawned a number of empirical research studies that investigated the impact of HRM practices on organizational performance. However, very little attention has been paid to address the impact of HRM practices on operations management and to generalize the findings across countries and industries. Success of some business decisions. Globalization and The Changing Face of Human Resource Management The pressures on traditional IR models are not all due to globalization, as we shall see, but many of the changes taking place can be traced to globalization. It is not always easy to disentangle the causes and effects of globalization. However it would probably be true to say that globalization is represented by the opening up of markets due, in large measure to foreign direct investment consequent upon the lowering of investment barriers in practically all countries by the liberalization of trade and by the deregulation of financial markets in consequence of which governments increasingly have little control over the flow of capital across borders. All this implies the dominance of the market system, facilitated by the collapse of alternative economic systems. Introduction of new technology Pushing for a more deregulated and flexible labor market More emphasis on productivity and quality Greater employee involvement in the design and execution of work Shifting the focus of collective bargaining from the industry level to the enterprise level. Employers are of the view that issues relevant to the employment relationship such as work re-organization, flexible working hours and contractual arrangements, and pay for performance and skills, are increasingly workplace-related, and should therefore be addressed at the enterprise level. Downsizing the workforce. One important response has been the introduction of flexibility in the employment relationship to increase the capacity of enterprises to adapt rapidly to market changes. This has involved measures such as: flexible working hours, part-time work different types of employment contracts to the standard ones familiar to collective IR flexibility in functions, so that employees who are multi-skilled are not confined to the performance of only one task. They can cover up for absenteeism, and make some jobs redundant. Globalization has, through technology diffusion, substantially increased the introduction of new technology. This, as well as the need for flexible adaptation to market changes, has led to the re-organization of production systems and methods of work, such as the following: Reduction of narrow job classifications and demarcation lines between managers and workers, accompanied by skills enhancement needed to perform jobs with a broader range of tasks. The competition generated by globalization and rapid technological changes accompanied by shorter product life have, while destroying countless jobs in industrialized countries, created opportunities for multi-skilled and easily trainable workers, and for the most significant group of emerging employees the knowledge worker. Knowledge and skills have become the most important determinants of investment, employment opportunities, productivity and quality and of flexibility. Different national cultures and practices make an influence for making a culturally diverse workforce Difference national cultures and practices make an influence for making a culturally diverse workforce. The workforce of the twenty first century is increasingly diverse and multicultural. To effectively manage and lead in this environment, HR must be knowledgeable about cross cultural factors on both the domestic and global fronts in human resource management. By promoting education in cross cultural competencies throughout the organization HR can better serve the company to successfully achieve its mission and goals. As a concept and as a reality, culture is broad and multifaceted. On a daily basis culture influences who we are as individuals, families, communities, professions, industries, organizations and nations and how we interact with each other within and across regional and national borders. Defined as a set of values and beliefs with learned behaviors shared within a particular society, culture provides a sense of identity and belonging. From language, communication styles, history and religion to norms, values, symbolism and ways of being, culture is everywhere. In domestic and global workplace settings people in organizations reflect their respective cultures. As shifting demographics bring together people of many cultural backgrounds, human resource management must be thoughtfully examined and sometimes altered to support organizational goals. Special Expertise Panel members point out that for sustainability, organizational leaders must expand their perspectives from a local to a worldly view. HR professionals experienced in workplace diversity and cross cultural communication are well positioned to develop and implement culturally appropriate HRM strategies, policies and practices. While not exhaustive this Research Quarterly focuses on selected cross cultural factors in HRM in todays workplace and provides insights for HR to better serve the needs of the organization. Business Case for Cross Cultural HRM With the advent of globalization, research on cross cultural organizational behavior has become a pathway to understand the dynamics of multicultural domestic and international workplaces. In fact successful organizations of the 21st century require leaders who understand culturally diverse work environments and can work effectively with different cultures that have varying work ethics, norms and business protocols. Yet diverse cultures create HRM challenges. Gaining cross cultural competence takes time, education, experience, openness and sensitivity. When people lack intercultural skills miscommunications can damage business relationships deadlines can be missed projects may fail and talented people will go to the competition. Key HR responsibilities are to understand how cross cultural factors interact with HR, be the conduit for organizational learning for cross cultural intelligence and foster cross cultural communication throughout the organization. Cultural Value Dimensions Cross cultural intelligence is the ability to switch ethnic or national contexts and quickly learn new patterns of social interaction with appropriate behavioral responses. This competence is essential to work effectively in multicultural environments. Thus linking future career paths and global business success with cultural competence is important for HR to emphasize, with the goal that managers are motivated to acquire new behaviors and skills and understand the benefits of learning from different cultures. Task 02 Section A- Case Study Explain the Audit Firms model of flexibility. The concept of a flexible firm recognizes that organizations will requires enhanced flexibility to meet ever evolving market and competitive pressures. The flexible firm model suggests that we can design our workforces to proactively meet our business needs through flexible staffing arrangements. In other words it is a concept of simply integrating flexible conditions into the administration an organizations functional operations, in order o meet the demands of a highly competitive market and attain its strategic aims and goals. Flexibility is a calculated risk utilized by organization to survive and gain strategic competitive advantage. Therefor this case study, shows how they has developed and implemented flexible work practices improve its services and meet the changing needs of its staff. According to the contracts help the Audit commission to cope with all of its changing needs. They also help it to be flexible. There are three main types of flexibility they practice. Numerical Flexibility Functional Flexibility Place- of- work flexibility The Audit Commission is constantly face with peaks and troughs in the workload that cannot be met simply by having its employees on full time contracts. There are situations where they need either more staff or fewer staff. By increasing or reduce staff in their situation the Audit Commission has developed numerical flexibility. The Audit Commission has also developed flexibility through developing the skills of its employees to deal with a wider variety of work. This means that when the nature and type of work changes, employees are comfortable undertaking different tasks. This is known as functional flexibility. Homeworking is an example of place-of-work flexibility. The Audit Commission uses this way to respond to the challenges within their business environment. This method of working has helped it to meet more closely the needs of its staff. As part of its flexible working arrangements, homeworking has helped to transform the ways in which many people work and improve their work-life-balance. Briefly explain the need for flexibility. According to this firm do you believe that they are implementing the correct types of flexibility? Explain your answer. Employers have always wanted workers to be as flexible as possible. In the past this has mean paying overtime for extra hours worked, or higher rates for shift work. Faced with competition, businesses attempt to use their existing employees more effectively. Sometimes this could benefit employee. Working flexible hours could mean an employee may take time off for personal reasons and still work their required number of hours a week. The need for flexibility is increasing due to demographic and social changes the number of people in the paid work force with caring responsibilities is set to increase. In turn this will increase the demand for flexibility in the workplace. Moreover, increasing competition has placed emphasis on quality, innovation and reducing the unit cost of production: job design and the organization of work must both mobilize employees energies for quality innovation and reliable productivity. In addition to this Technological change, particularly in the automation and computerization of work process and information flows, has eroded traditional demarcation boundaries between jobs: job design and the organization of work must fit the new technology in order to secure its benefits for efficiency. Increasing market uncertainty means that organizations need to be more adaptable to changes in demand: able to vary the size and deployment of their workforces to meet demand as effectively and efficien tly as possible. Yes I do believe that they are practicing the correct types of flexibility. The benefits they are getting form those types are more and it will lead to build effective flexible working system. Flexibility is not about integration of the different spheres of life to reduce conflict or to harmonizing paid work with other parts of life; rather flexibility is about how self-managing employees constitute synthesis of work life and home life as distinct parts of one and the same life. If Audit Commission is very much concerned about their flexibility in the work place those types they are currently practicing is totally suitable. By regular homeworking helps an organization to develop family-friendly policies that improve the work-life balance of its staff. For the organization, homeworking assists in recruiting individuals who are attracted to this style of working and this enables the Audit Commission to retain a diverse workforce. Evaluate the advantages and dis advantages of flexible working practices from both of the employee and employer perspective relate with this firm. For Employee Advantages It reduces the transport cost for the employee and by reducing the transportation it is good for environment. Regular homeworking helps an organization to develop family-friendly policies that improve the work-life balance of its staff especially in Audit Commission. Employers have great freedom to organize their work to finish on time. By implementing flexible working system employers can improve morale and reducing absence and lateness. A better work/life balance being able to meet both work and personal commitments Increased sense of control leading to increased sense of well-being With the greater job satisfaction employees can make better working environment with a happier person all around. Being able to remain in the workforce longer with greater loyalty, trust and respect towards employers Disadvantages Lower salary if you work fewer hours. Possible sense of isolation from colleagues. Loneliness. Need for a dedicated work space. Difficulty in judging performance. Need to be self-disciplined and highly organized. Possible obstacle to promotion. A sense that you have been forced into it by circumstances not of your choosing. For Employer Advantages Happy and satisfied employees, who have a greater sense of trust and loyalty, create many business benefits: Attracting skilled and motivated employees Particularly those who wouldnt normally apply. For example mature aged workers those who have Auditing experience, those with family/care responsibilities and those seeking greater balance between work and personal interests. Keeping skilled and motivated employees Effective flexibility can reduce unwanted staff losses by up to 25%. A huge cost saving in terms of retaining knowledge, maintaining Agent relationships and in re-training, creating awareness and administration costs. Motivating and energizing staff Resulting in increased productivity and greater profits, as employees focus more on business success, are more flexible to meet its needs and driven to work harder specially service organization like Audit commission. Increasing employee satisfaction creating a happier workplace, with greater teamwork, collaboration and sharing of knowledge. Lower staff absences employees are less stressed about meeting their job and outside/family commitments and have a greater sense of well-being, reducing unplanned absences. Increasing skills and creativity of your managers Managers are challenged to look outside the square, develop leadership skills and manage a more diverse workforce Improving customer service and retention More committed employees, greater employee retention and a better match between peaks and troughs in workflows and staffing will allow you to more closely meet customers needs Becoming an Employer of Choice which expands the pool of talented workers that an advertisement will attract. Disadvantages Finding qualified employees who want to be part of a flexible workforce can be challenging, because people generally prefer jobs that provide a reliable and predictable income stream. It can be difficult to retain employees in a flexible workforce. Thats because during times when business is slow and members of a flexible workforce arent working, theyre likely to spend their time looking for other work. If Audit Commission is opened in non-working working hours as a result it will lead to increase the unwanted costs like electricity and heating and so on. Section B Essay Equal opportunities with in the workplace The term equal opportunities is a broadly used phrase which promotes the idea that everyone within an organization should have an equal chance to apply and be selected for posts, to be trained or promoted and to have their employment terminated equally. Providing equal opportunity and treating employers without prejudice is vital to achieve organizational objectives. Over the past 30 years, the workplace has changed dramatically. Women have become more empowered giving them the opportunity to seek career progression which had previously been denied to them. Disabled people who can work are being helped back to work and offered the same opportunities as able-bodied people and economic globalization of business has meant that managers must be aware of cultural and race issues. There should be no discrimination on the grounds of gender, homosexuality, age, racial origin, religious affiliation, disability or marital status. Employers can only discriminate on the grounds of ability, poten tial and all employment decisions taken on an individuals ability to do a particular job. There are two main forms of discrimination. First of all direct discrimination involves treating an individual within the workforce less favorably than others on sexual, marital, racial or disabled grounds. It occurs when interested group is treated less favorably than another. (Except for exempted cases) For example, Management decision is not to select or promote a woman because she is pregnant or because of her nationality. One act of discrimination is sufficient and must be directed at an individual for action to be taken. Second type of discrimination is indirect discrimination. Indirect discrimination describes a term or condition applicable to both sexes but where one sex has considerably less of an ability to comply with it than the other. It occurs when, an employer applies a provision, criterion practice to men and women equally, but it has the effect of putting one sex at a particular disadvantage without justification. For example, change the shift patterns to include an early morning to start, as a woman is more likely to be responsible for childcare or a condition that a candidate for a job must be of a minimum certain height. It is unlawful to discriminate in employment on the grounds of color, race, nationality, gender, gender reassignment, marital status, and disability for all staff, regardless of their hours, or patterns of work. Within the work environment the majority of discrimination claims Centre around the recruitment and selection process. Several pieces of employment legislation exist in order to provide a framework for implementing equal opportunities within the workplace. The main legislation is Equal Pay Act, Sex Discrimination Act, Race Relations Act, Human Rights Act, Race Relations, Employment Equality in Religion or Belief and Gender Recognition Act. In developed countries there are migrants and even students who work for lesser wages than the minimum wages. The wages that they are paid is less than the national wages that is allowed by the government and not only the payment is less but there could be situations where they work for longer hours than they can in a weeks time. In countri es such as Sri Lanka there are many places and organizations where framework is not followed and are broken with many discrimination such as sex, pay and also race but due to the fear of the influence and also the fact that they need the money to work the employees do not take necessary actions. Organizations consist of many individuals working together to achieve organizational success. These individuals collectively bring different attitudes, perceptions and learning experiences to the workplace, as well as ethnic, gender and personality differences. When the Equal Opportunities Commission was set up, it was to tackle the issue of Gender Discrimination predominantly and to offer women the same working rights as their male complements. However, in modern day society, equal opportunities has been broadened and backed up by law to provide the same level of protection to other minority groups in the workforce. Mainly there are three types of discrimination. First type of discrimination is age discrimination. Age discrimination involves treating employee less favorably because of his age. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act only forbids age discrimination against people who are age 40 or older. It does not protect workers under the age of 40, although some states do have l aws that protect younger workers from age discrimination. It is not illegal for an employer or other covered entity to favor an older worker over a younger one even if both workers are age 40 or older (The Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006, 2006). Second type of discrimination is sex discrimination. Sex